Manufactures vaccines for diseases like hepatitis, influenza, rubella and typhoid fever

Novartis AG is a holding company, which engages in the development, manufacture, and marketing of healthcare products. It operates through the following segments: Innovative Medicines, Sandoz, and Corporate. The Innovative Medicines segment researches, develops, manufactures, distributes and sells patented pharmaceuticals, and is composed of two business units: Novartis Oncology and Novartis Pharmaceuticals. The Sandoz segment develops, manufactures and markets finished dosage form medicines as well as intermediary products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients. The Corporate segment refers to group management and central services. The company was founded on February 29, 1996 and is headquartered in Basel, Switzerland.

The J. Craig Venter Institute is a world leader in genomic research. It was formed in October 2006 through the merger of several affiliated and legacy organizations — The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) and The Center for the Advancement of Genomics (TCAG), The J. Craig Venter Science Foundation, The Joint Technology Center, and the Institute for Biological Energy Alternatives (IBEA). Today all these organizations have become one large multidisciplinary genomic-focused organization. With more than 400 scientists and staff, more than 250,000 square feet of laboratory space, and locations in Rockville, Maryland and San Diego, California. For more than two decades Dr. J. Craig Venter and his research teams have been pioneers in genomic research. The revolution began in 1991 when at the National Institutes of Health Dr. Venter and his team developed expressed sequence tags (ESTs), a new technique to rapidly discover genes. Dr. Venter and his colleagues then started a new kind of not for profit research institute, The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR). With the freedom to pursue any number of exciting avenues in the burgeoning field of genomics, the team decided to use their new computing and computational tools, as well as new DNA sequencing technology, to sequence the first free living organism, Haemophilus influenzae in 1995. With this advance, the floodgates of genomics were opened. TIGR went on to sequence and analyze more than 50 microbial genomes. Dr. Venter and some from his team moved into mammalian genomics and sequenced some of the most important model organisms including the fruit fly, mouse and rat. The world’s attention was perhaps most keenly focused on the sequencing and analysis of one genome — the human — which was published in 2001 by Dr. Venter and his team at Celera Genomics. In the past three years teams have been engaged in some of the most fruitful and exciting research in the biological sciences. We’ve recently published the first diploid human genome and the initial results of our global ocean sampling expedition which uncovered more than six million new genes and thousands of new protein families from organisms found in sea water. Teams have also sequenced the microbial flora found in human environments such as the vagina, oral cavity and human gut. We’re making steady progress in our quest to create a synthetic chromosome and organism having successfully transformed one species of bacteria into another. We’ve also sequenced a variety of important infectious disease agents such as the mosquito species, Aedes aegypti, and we are working to understand the evolution of several viral genomes such as influenza and coronavirus in our quest to help alleviate the scourge of infectious disease around the world.

Intercell AG was a biotechnology company based in Vienna which focused on the development of modern prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against infectious diseases. The company merged with Vivalis to form Valneva SE in 2012. Intercell was formed in 1998 as a spin-off of the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) in Vienna. It employs 400 people in Austria, Scotland and the United States.

Chiron Corporation (/ˈkaɪrɒn/ KY-ron) was an American multinational biotechnology firm based in Emeryville, California that was acquired by Novartis on April 20, 2006. It had offices and facilities in eighteen countries on five continents. Chiron's business and research was in three main areas: biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, and blood testing. Chiron's vaccines and blood testing units were combined to form Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, while Chiron BioPharmaceuticals was integrated into Novartis Pharmaceuticals. In 2014, Novartis completed the sale of its blood transfusion diagnostics unit to Grifols and announced agreements for the sale of its vaccines unit to GlaxoSmithKline.

ID Biomedical Corp. develops gene-based disease testing and subunit vaccines. It conducts research, development, manufacturing, sales, and marketing from its facilities in Canada and in the United States. The company was founded in 1991 and is headquartered in Vancouver, Canada.

Genovis AB engages in the research and development of enzyme products. Its product portfolio includes SmartEnzymes, which offers to pharmaceutical and medical device industries tools that facilitate the development of new treatment methods and diagnostics. The company was founded by Inga Sarah Maria Fredriksson in 1999 and is headquartered in Lund, Sweden.

Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Inc. manufactures and markets health care and nutritional products. The company was founded in 1986 and is headquartered in East Hanover, NJ.

The Upjohn Company was a pharmaceutical manufacturing firm founded in 1886 in Kalamazoo, Michigan, by Dr. William E. Upjohn, an 1875 graduate of the University of Michigan medical school. The company was originally formed to make friable pills, which were specifically designed to be easily digested. These could be "reduced to a powder under the thumb", a strong marketing argument at the time.

Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. engages in the manufacture and sale of ethical pharmaceutical and medical equipment. It operates through the Pharmaceuticals and Real Estate divisions. The Pharmaceuticals division deals with the manufacture and sale of pharmaceutical products which mainly focus on prescription drugs, infusions, and artificial kidney dialysis solutions. The Real Estate division handles leasing of real estate properties. The company was founded on March 25, 1937 and is headquartered in Osaka, Japan.

Shire BioChem, Inc. provides pharmaceutical sales and marketing services in Canada. The company is headquartered in Laval, Canada.

Beckman Coulter, Inc. manufactures and distributes biomedical testing instrument systems and general biomedical research products. It develops and markets products that simplify, automate and innovate complex biomedical testing. The firm’s systems operate in both diagnostics and life sciences laboratories on seven continents. Its products improve the productivity of medical professionals and scientists, supplying critical information for improving patient health and delivering trusted solutions for research and discovery. The company was founded in 1935 by Arnold O. Beckman and is headquartered in Brea, CA.

Produces and distributes cosmetics, toiletries, textiles and food products

AntibioTx ApS is a private company headquartered in Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, that develops and manufactures pharmaceutical products.

Integrated DNA Technologies sells short strands of DNA called oligonucleotides. In order to better understand how these are useful, you'll have to know a bit about DNA itself. DNA is "the blueprint for life" and encodes instructions for all of life's processes. DNA is a complex long thin molecule (strand) that is made from 4 possible building blocks called "bases". These bases are called Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Thymine, and the precise order of these bases is a code for information. In living organisms, DNA strands can be millions of bases long and therefore contain huge amounts of information. This complexity is responsible for the vast complexity and diversity of life on earth. The way that one strand of DNA specifically binds a second strand of DNA allows scientists to use short DNA strands (oligos) as research tools. A short synthetic piece of DNA (usually around 20 bases long) can be used to bind or find its matching sequence even in a complex mixture of millions of unrelated pieces of DNA. It is this unique fact that allows researchers to decode and study the genetic makeup of any living organism. Using new oligo-based technologies, a revolution is underway where they are beginning to catalog the complete genetic makeup of hundreds of living things, ranging from bacteria to humans. The human genome alone contains over 3 billion bases of DNA, so projects of this kind tend to be very complex and often take years to complete. Scientists often start the research knowing the DNA sequence for the organism that they are interested in studying. Given a known DNA sequence, they can easily design a short oligo that can be used to perform a variety of tasks. It is this short single-stranded DNA that the researcher orders from IDT. Living systems don't discriminate DNA that is synthesized chemically from DNA taken directly from an organism, allowing researchers to use IDT's custom made oligonucleotides as if they had existed naturally. IDT manufactures the oligo using chemical DNA synthesis machines designed and built in-house. They've refined the process to the point where they can receive an order as late as 1:00pm and have the desired oligo in the researcher's hands the next morning. Their customers range from small university labs of only a few scientists to global pharmaceutical companies, and everything in between.

UNION therapeutics A/S is a privately held, clinical stage, pharmaceutical company dedicated to the development of molecules exhibiting both immunomodulatory and microbiological effects. UNION is focused on the treatment of inflammatory skin disease and COVID-19, but the chemistry platform is applicable across a wide range of diseases.

Infectio Diagnostic, Inc. (IDI) is a biotechnology company which develops diagnostic tests for the detection and identification of bacterial, fungal and parasite infections in human. The development of IDI products is done from patented genomic material and technology belonging to IDI. The company was founded in 1995.